\relax 
\bibstyle{plain}
\citation{pearson:grammar}
\citation{kendall:vol1}
\citation{Madden:methods}
\citation{Kuhn:rev}
\citation{Feyerabend:method}
\citation{aamich:1880}
\citation{edge:methods}
\citation{metre:def}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction.}{1}}
\citation{Stigler:robust}
\citation{Aristotle:sense}
\citation{Aristotle:soul}
\citation{Lindberg:medieval}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Historical background.}{2}}
\citation{Lindberg:medieval}
\citation{Bacon:Novum}
\citation{Gaukroger:Descartes}
\citation{Descartes:speed}
\citation{Beeckman:1629}
\citation{Descartes:speed}
\citation{Galileo:1638}
\citation{Drake:sci-bio}
\citation{Drake:sci-bio}
\citation{cohen:1940}
\citation{Drake:disc}
\citation{Galileo:starry}
\citation{Galileo:duchess}
\citation{Drake:disc}
\citation{nauthist:1968}
\citation{sobel:long}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}Longitude.}{4}}
\citation{Romer:bio}
\citation{cohen:1940}
\citation{Cassini:bio}
\citation{Newcomb:1882}
\citation{Romer:bio}
\citation{Bradley:bio}
\citation{Romer:bio}
\citation{Newcomb:1882}
\citation{Newcomb:1882}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2}The first evidence.}{5}}
\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Studies based on astronomical observation.}}{5}}
\newlabel{table:astronomy}{{1}{5}}
\citation{aamich:1880}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3}Terrestrial determinations.}{6}}
\citation{swenson:1972}
\citation{aamich:1880}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Michelson's 1879 determinations of the speed of light}{7}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Optical theory.}{7}}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces S and M are placed at the point-source focus of each other.}}{7}}
\newlabel{fig:point-source}{{1}{7}}
\citation{aamich:1880}
\citation{Newcomb:1882}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Interposing a mirror, R, between the source S and the lens L.}}{8}}
\newlabel{fig:focus}{{2}{8}}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces Rotating the mirror R causes the returning beam to be deflected.}}{8}}
\newlabel{fig:deflect}{{3}{8}}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces The return image I is displaced from the source S by the rotating mirror R.}}{8}}
\newlabel{fig:displacement}{{4}{8}}
\citation{aamich:1880}
\citation{aamich:1880}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5}{\ignorespaces R at the focal point of L.}}{9}}
\newlabel{fig:parallel}{{5}{9}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Physical apparatus}{9}}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6}{\ignorespaces Room showing experimental setup.}}{9}}
\newlabel{fig:room}{{6}{9}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Measurement equipment}{11}}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7}{\ignorespaces Micrometer measures the displacement $|$IS$|$.}}{11}}
\newlabel{fig:micrometer}{{7}{11}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Producing one determination of the speed of light}{12}}
\citation{MooreMcCabe:text}
\citation{Hand:decon}
\citation{Chatfield:prob}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Statistical Method and Michelson's 1879 Study}{13}}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {8}{\ignorespaces The statistical method.}}{13}}
\newlabel{fig-ppdac}{{8}{13}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}The Problem}{13}}
\citation{Hand:decon}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Units and Target Population}{14}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Variates}{14}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.3}Population Attributes}{14}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.4}Problem Aspect}{14}}
\citation{MichMorl:1887}
\citation{aamich:vacuum}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2}The Plan}{15}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Specifying the study units and study population}{15}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Selection of the response variates to be measured}{15}}
\citation{aamich:1880}
\citation{aamich:1880}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Dealing with explanatory variates}{16}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.4}The measuring processes}{16}}
\citation{aamich:1880}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9}{\ignorespaces Fishbone diagram.}}{17}}
\newlabel{fig:fishbone}{{9}{17}}
\citation{MooreMcCabe:text}
\citation{Youden:meas}
\citation{Wheeler:meas}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.5}The sampling protocol}{18}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.6}The data collection protocol}{19}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3}The Data}{19}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.3.1}Execute the plan}{19}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.3.2}Data Monitoring}{19}}
\citation{aamich:1880}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {10}{\ignorespaces Adjusted speed of light (jittered) versus day.}}{20}}
\newlabel{fig:speed-day}{{10}{20}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.3.3}Data Examination}{20}}
\citation{stig:hist}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {11}{\ignorespaces Three clusters in three dimensional space.}}{21}}
\newlabel{fig:clusters}{{11}{21}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.3.4}Data Storage for subsequent Analysis}{21}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}The Analysis}{21}}
\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Michelson's data: First 50 observations.}}{22}}
\newlabel{table:michelson-data-1}{{2}{22}}
\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces Michelson's data: Last 50 observations.}}{23}}
\newlabel{table:michelson-data-2}{{3}{23}}
\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces Michelson's data: Key to variates.}}{23}}
\newlabel{table:michelson-data-key}{{4}{23}}
\citation{aamich:1880}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {12}{\ignorespaces Adjusted speed of light (jittered) versus temperature.}}{24}}
\newlabel{fig:speed-temp}{{12}{24}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5}The Conclusion}{25}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6}Discussion}{25}}
\citation{Deming:1953}
\citation{HahnandMeeker:1993}
\citation{Tukey:both}
\citation{Tukey:both}
\citation{Losee:intro}
\citation{Kuhn:rev}
\citation{Aristotle:Nicomachean}
\citation{Popper:logic}
\citation{Good:science}
\citation{Fisher:methods}
\citation{Lakatos:meth}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}On method in science.}{27}}
\citation{Aristotle:heaven}
\citation{Aristotle:soul}
\citation{Feyerabend:method}
\citation{Hacking:phil}
\citation{pearson:grammar}
\citation{Barnett:comparative}
\citation{Box:science}
\citation{Durbin:pres-rss}
\citation{Nelder:pres-rss}
\citation{Box:science}
\citation{Tukey:both}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}And what of statistics?}{28}}
\citation{Hacking:phil}
\citation{Hume:treatise}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {13}{\ignorespaces Induction from the set of measured values to the target population.}}{29}}
\newlabel{fig:induction}{{13}{29}}
\citation{Wild:isi}
\citation{Tukey:both}
\citation{nauthist:1968}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Conclusions}{30}}
\bibdata{research}
\bibcite{Bradley:bio}{1}
\bibcite{Aristotle:Nicomachean}{2}
\bibcite{Aristotle:heaven}{3}
\bibcite{Aristotle:soul}{4}
\bibcite{Aristotle:sense}{5}
\bibcite{Bacon:Novum}{6}
\bibcite{Barnett:comparative}{7}
\bibcite{Beeckman:1629}{8}
\bibcite{metre:def}{9}
\bibcite{Box:science}{10}
\bibcite{Chatfield:prob}{11}
\bibcite{cohen:1940}{12}
\bibcite{nauthist:1968}{13}
\bibcite{Deming:1953}{14}
\bibcite{Drake:sci-bio}{15}
\bibcite{Durbin:pres-rss}{16}
\bibcite{edge:methods}{17}
\bibcite{Feyerabend:method}{18}
\bibcite{Fisher:methods}{19}
\bibcite{Galileo:starry}{20}
\bibcite{Galileo:duchess}{21}
\bibcite{Galileo:1638}{22}
\bibcite{Drake:disc}{23}
\bibcite{Gaukroger:Descartes}{24}
\bibcite{Good:science}{25}
\bibcite{Hacking:phil}{26}
\bibcite{HahnandMeeker:1993}{27}
\bibcite{Hand:decon}{28}
\bibcite{Hume:treatise}{29}
\bibcite{kendall:vol1}{30}
\bibcite{Romer:bio}{31}
\bibcite{Kuhn:rev}{32}
\bibcite{Lakatos:meth}{33}
\bibcite{Lindberg:medieval}{34}
\bibcite{Losee:intro}{35}
\bibcite{Madden:methods}{36}
\bibcite{MichMorl:1887}{37}
\bibcite{aamich:1880}{38}
\bibcite{aamich:vacuum}{39}
\bibcite{MooreMcCabe:text}{40}
\bibcite{Nelder:pres-rss}{41}
\bibcite{Newcomb:1882}{42}
\bibcite{pearson:grammar}{43}
\bibcite{Popper:logic}{44}
\bibcite{Descartes:speed}{45}
\bibcite{sobel:long}{46}
\bibcite{Stigler:robust}{47}
\bibcite{stig:hist}{48}
\bibcite{swenson:1972}{49}
\bibcite{Cassini:bio}{50}
\bibcite{Tukey:both}{51}
\bibcite{Wheeler:meas}{52}
\bibcite{Wild:isi}{53}
\bibcite{Youden:meas}{54}